Explain the concept of shell scripting in Linux and provide an example.

Shell scripting in Linux refers to the process of writing a series of commands in a file, known as a shell script, that can be executed by the shell interpreter. The shell interpreter in Linux reads and executes these commands one by one, which can be used to automate tasks, perform system administration tasks, or even create complex programs.

Here's an example of a simple shell script:

#!/bin/bash
# This is a comment
echo "Hello, World!" # Print a message
echo "Today's date is $(date)" # Print the current date and time
In this example, the script starts with a shebang (#!/bin/bash), which specifies the shell interpreter to use (in this case, bash). The lines starting with the '#' character are comments and are ignored by the shell interpreter.

The script then uses the echo command to print messages. In the first echo command, the string "Hello, World!" is printed. In the second echo command, the $(date) syntax is used to execute the date command and insert its output into the message, which will be the current date and time.

To execute this script, save it to a file (e.g., hello.sh), make it executable using the chmod +x hello.sh command, and then run it by typing ./hello.sh in the terminal.

When executed, the shell interpreter reads the script line by line and executes the commands accordingly, resulting in the messages being printed to the terminal.

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